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Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
Public health funding is traditionally siloed and program-specific. To improve social determinants of health, which cut across multiple sectors, states have moved toward braided and layered funding models. Engaged leadership, shared purpose and vision, formalized collaborative decision-making processes, and administrative procedures necessary to do this work are described in this article.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study examined the sociodemographic characteristics of the residents of Cameron County, Texas, one of the most Hispanic-populated counties in the United States with over 90% of residents identifying as Hispanic. The study analyzed data from March to December 2020, and studied both social determinants of health and COVID-19 mitigation policies, such as the “shelter in place” mandate. The results show that single parents, those living below the poverty level, and those who do not fluently speak English are at a more increased risk of contracting COVID-19. The shelter in place mandate was able to reduce community transmission within three weeks of implementation, but the results of its impact vary greatly by age, sex, and race.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study looks at the association between county-level income inequality and COVID-19 cases and deaths from March 2020 to February 2021. This cohort study used county-level longitudinal data for all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and D.C. Results showed that income equality was associated with higher rates of COVID-19 cases and mortality. Targeting communities with higher rates of income inequality must be considered to lessen the burden of inequality.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study looks at the association between county-level income inequality and COVID-19 cases and deaths from March 2020 to February 2021. This cohort study used county-level longitudinal data for all 50 states, Puerto Rico, and D.C. Results showed that income equality was associated with higher rates of COVID-19 cases and mortality. Targeting communities with higher rates of income inequality must be considered to lessen the burden of inequality.
Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This article examines growth rates of confirmed COVID-19 cases and mortalities over a 30-day period of the COVID-19 outbreak for each of the 100 largest U.S. cities to determine how racial residential segregation and income inequality contributed to health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data shows the growth curve for cases and mortality rates increases significantly in metropolitan areas where Black and Hispanic people are residentially segregated from White people. The article offers policy implications for making virus-resilient cities that are also health equitable.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study looks at survey data from the 2020 U.S. Household Pulse Survey to estimate the associations between state-specific mobility restrictions and well-being across historically excluded groups, including those groups at the intersections of race/ethnicity, sex, and income categorizations. Results found that low-income and African American populations are most likely to be affected by lockdown restrictions, including unemployment, food insufficiency, mental health problems, inaccessibility of medical care, rent or mortgage defaults, and class cancellations.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This article describes the survey results of 33 Black adolescents (ages 12-17) living in Southeastern United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey illustrates stressors and barriers for these teenagers, citing financial issues, access to health care, and increased mental health strain as key issues during the pandemic. These answers could provide context for addressing issues within this population.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This article examines the relationship between changes in health-related socioeconomic risks (HRSRs) and mental health for women ages 18-90 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected through a survey that asked questions about any patterns of change in HRSRs (food insecurity, housing instability, interpersonal violence, and difficulties with utilities and transportation). The results found that 40% of women had one or more prepandemic HRSRs, with an increase in HRSRs experience during the pandemic. The odds of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms are two or three times higher among women who reported at least one HRSR.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study sought to examine perceptions of COVID-19 related to prevention, coping, and testing of African American residents in under-resourced communities in Alabama. Utilizing the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, virtual focus groups were conducted in five urban and rural Alabama communities. The focus groups asked questions about prevention and coping barriers, prevention facilitators, and testing barriers surrounding COVID-19 for these communities. The study finds that addressing downstream determinants might be key in reducing disparities for African Americans, who experience higher rates of health disparities.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This systematic review examines COVID-19 literature on the association of race and ethnicity with COVID-19 outcomes. It also examines the association between race, ethnicity, COVID-19 outcomes, and socioeconomic determinants. Within these studies, it is shown that African American and Hispanic individuals are most likely to test positive, while Asian Americans have the highest risk for ICU admission and mortality rates run higher in Hispanic and Asian Americans. These results demonstrate health disparities for minority groups across various factors. Socioeconomic factors additionally are associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes.