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Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study highlights the geographic differences in COVID-19 positivity rates within Los Angeles county, taking into consideration other socio-structural determinants that impact these rates. The data — testing data from the LAC Department of Public Health and American Community Survey data — was analyzed and mapped to include testing rates, race/ethnicity, poverty, insurance status, education, and population/household density. Results found higher COVID-19 positivity rates in communities with higher proportions of Latinx residents, those living below the federal poverty line, and those with high household densities.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study assessed vaccine hesitancy in the United States by looking at Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey data. The study looked at race and ethnicity for individuals who have received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose by June 2021, but also looked at other socioeconomic factors such as access to healthy food, insurance status, and state-level political differences. The results found that while initial race/ethnicity analyses shows Black adults are more likely to not get vaccinated for COVID-19 than White adults, once other social factors were included, these differences were no longer significant. Additionally, insurance status and food insufficiency were not seen as significantly associated with vaccination hesitancy, but political differences does create an impact in overall state vaccination rates.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study looks at the perceptions, challenges, barriers, and experiences of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. The study used a snowball sampling of 20 undocumented Asian and Latinx men and women and asked them a series of questions about access to health care and their experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results found significant barriers in language comprehension, mistrust of public systems, and socioeconomic factors such as employers with little to no sick leave for those affected by COVID-19.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This article looks at the differences in the health care setting choice for COVID-19 testing by race/ethnicity and insurance type. They found disparities in equitable access, with Black individuals more likely to get tested through emergency departments compared to White individuals. Hispanic individuals had the highest likelihood of testing at mobile testing units, and those without a primary care practitioner were more likely to go to a mobile testing unit or emergency department. The implementation of mobile care delivery models may allow for a larger reach to vulnerable populations.
Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This article examines growth rates of confirmed COVID-19 cases and mortalities over a 30-day period of the COVID-19 outbreak for each of the 100 largest U.S. cities to determine how racial residential segregation and income inequality contributed to health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data shows the growth curve for cases and mortality rates increases significantly in metropolitan areas where Black and Hispanic people are residentially segregated from White people. The article offers policy implications for making virus-resilient cities that are also health equitable.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study looks at survey data from the 2020 U.S. Household Pulse Survey to estimate the associations between state-specific mobility restrictions and well-being across historically excluded groups, including those groups at the intersections of race/ethnicity, sex, and income categorizations. Results found that low-income and African American populations are most likely to be affected by lockdown restrictions, including unemployment, food insufficiency, mental health problems, inaccessibility of medical care, rent or mortgage defaults, and class cancellations.
Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study uses COVID-19 death data by racial/ethnic group and age, along with US Census population data to explore variations in mortality risk by calculating age-specific mortality measures. The results found that minority groups such as non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native populations experience more COVID-19 mortality than White patients, but also experience more years of potential life lost due to racial/ethnic disparities.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study describes demographic characteristics and hospital bed capacities of the five New York City boroughs and evaluates whether differences in testing for COVID-19, hospitalizations, and deaths have emerged as a signal of racial, ethnic, and financial disparities. Results showed disparities among the boroughs. Bronx, with the highest proportion of racial/ethnic minorities, the most persons living in poverty, and the lowest levels of educational attainment, had higher rates of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 than the other boroughs.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study looked at variations in COVID-19 diagnoses by ZIP code, race, and ethnicity in Indiana. The study examines patient information from the Indiana University Health system and geolocates the patient’s ZIP codes to calculate the number of COVID-19 cases per 10,000 persons for each ZIP code. The results showed that ZIP codes with higher percentages of African Americans, Hispanics, foreign-born persons, and residents living in poverty are disproportionately affected by COVID-19.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study uses individual COVID-19 case and mortality data from Massachusetts combined with home address data to assess whether community-level risk factors can be identified and targeted. Results found higher COVID-19 case incidence rates for Black and Latinx residents, and stronger associations with COVID-19 mortality for those with essential worker status, older adults, and race/ethnicity status.