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Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study compares data from the NYC coronavirus data repository with 2018 American Community Survey 5-year census estimates to examine the distribution of testing sites across New York City by race in May 2020. During this time, the results found that testing sites for primarily Black and Latinx communities increased, but primarily White areas still had the highest number of testing sites. The study team created ZIP-code level maps showing testing site distribution using ArcGIS as a part of this study.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study reviews access to COVID-19 vaccination sites in Brooklyn, New York City, to understand vaccination disparities. Using publicly available data, the study analyzes population demographic characteristics, vaccination site location, and distance to vaccination site to see if minority populations are experiencing less access to COVID-19 vaccinations. The results show that the current vaccination sites focus on White, middle-to-upper class communities and the borough has significant vaccination access deserts.
Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This article examines growth rates of confirmed COVID-19 cases and mortalities over a 30-day period of the COVID-19 outbreak for each of the 100 largest U.S. cities to determine how racial residential segregation and income inequality contributed to health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data shows the growth curve for cases and mortality rates increases significantly in metropolitan areas where Black and Hispanic people are residentially segregated from White people. The article offers policy implications for making virus-resilient cities that are also health equitable.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study describes demographic characteristics and hospital bed capacities of the five New York City boroughs and evaluates whether differences in testing for COVID-19, hospitalizations, and deaths have emerged as a signal of racial, ethnic, and financial disparities. Results showed disparities among the boroughs. Bronx, with the highest proportion of racial/ethnic minorities, the most persons living in poverty, and the lowest levels of educational attainment, had higher rates of hospitalization and death from COVID-19 than the other boroughs.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This article details a project to develop and assess a predictive model of vulnerability indicators of COVID-19 in Los Angeles County, California. Four public health indicators were used for ZIP code tabulation: (1) pre-existing health conditions, (2) barriers to accessing health care, (3) built environment risk, and (4) the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability Index. The results showed disparities for Black and Latinx populations across all four health indicators.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study examined the impact of variable infection risk by race and ethnicity on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 spread by fitting compartmental SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed) transmission models structured by race and ethnicity to seroprevalence data from New York City and Long Island and analyzing how herd immunity thresholds, final sizes, and epidemic risk change across groups. The results highlight the importance of developing socially informed COVID-19 transmission models that incorporate patterns of epidemic spread across racial and ethnic groups.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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White Paper/Brief
This article details the adaptation of the 2020 Community Health Survey by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene in order to capture the impact of COVID-19 on physical health, mental health, and social determinants of health. It explains how the survey questions were adapted, how collection of survey data was adapted, and how a serosurvey was implemented. Two new polls were added, Healthy NYC and 7 Health Opinion Poll, to learn about COVID-19 related opinions, attitudes, and knowledge.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study adapted the Lorenz curve methodology to characterize disparate outcomes in COVID-19 testing across time, regions, and ZIP codes for the St. Louis and Kansas City regions. The results showed that Black individuals have half the rate of testing per case than White populations, even among Black and White individuals residing in the same ZIP code. The study calls for equitable testing strategies and routine monitoring using formal metrics to inform adaptive testing strategies.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
The article highlights quantitative bias analysis as a method for improving racial and ethnic COVID-19 disparity estimates when data are missing.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This article outlines a framework for data collection among communities of color based on a project by local organizations in Canada. The authors also discuss their encounter with data gaps and provide recommendations and strategies for policymakers and community/health stakeholders on how to improve, use, and analyze disaggregated data. As part of the Strengthening Disaggregated Sociodemographic Data Related to COVID-19 project with the Ottawa Local Immigration Partnership (OLIP) and the University of Ottawa, a framework for guiding equitable data collection and use was created.