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Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
Asabor and colleagues investigate the relationship between levels of segregation and the distribution of testing sites in four cities. Segregation refers to the extent of distance between neighborhoods of color and White neighborhoods. The highest levels of segregation are between Blacks and Whites, however, there is segregation between other communities of color and White communities. The authors compiled a list COVID-19 testing sites per Census tract through June 2020. And, in parallel, Asabor and colleagues identified the four most segregated cities in the U.S. in order to conduct a focused analysis. These cities are: New York, Los Angeles, Houston, and Chicago. In New York, Houston, and Chicago, there is an inverse relationship between percentage of Blacks in a Census tract and the number of testing sites. And, in Chicago, Houston, and Los Angeles there is a similar negative relationship for Latinx.
Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
Latkin and colleagues conducted a nationally representative survey in May 2020 to examine opinions regarding vaccine hesitancy. The key outcome measure asked: if and when available, would you plan on getting the vaccine. A key set of covariate measures focused on COVID-19 prevention behaviors such as staying away from large groups, wearing a mask when leaving home, and washing hands more frequently. Additional covariates included knowing a close relative or friend who has contracted COVID-19 and how worried are you that you or someone in your family will get infected with COVID-19. Compared to White participants, Black and Hispanic respondents were significantly more likely to report that they did not intend to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, compared to those who reported positive vaccine intentions, respondents with negative vaccine intentions were significantly less likely to report that they engaged in the COVID-19 prevention behaviors of wearing masks and social distancing.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study aimed to determine independent community pharmacist preparedness for COVID-19 vaccination and to identify strategies for COVID-19 vaccination implementation in Pennsylvania. Through surveys and focus groups these recommendations emerged: (1) working with community partners to support off-site mass vaccination clinics, (2) leverage partnerships with community organizations and universities to support staffing for vaccination efforts, (3) use an appointment-based immunization model, (4) use existing scheduling tools, text messaging, and automated phone calls for second-dose reminders, and (5) further training and process improvements to support vaccine documentation and transmission to the Pennsylvania Statewide Immunization Information System.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
Filipinx/a/o Americans (FilAMS), are the third-largest Asian American group in the US. They are frequently invisible in health services research and policy, and consequently, are an afterthought in resource allocation decisions. This paper highlights historical and modern practices that impinge on FilAm health. FilAms, who experience long standing health disparities, are heavily engaged in front line health care work, but also have pre-existing health conditions and are likely to live in multigenerational household, both factors that contribute to the burden of COVID-19. Mental health concerns, elevated among front-line and essential workers during the pandemic, were compounded by anti-Asian racism and violence. The authors encourage strategies such as naming neocolonial forces that devalue and neglect FilAms, and making changes to the data collection infrastructure to facilitate the allocation of appropriate resources. Recommendations: investments that prioritize community needs, equitable resource sharing, community-led efforts, and empower communities through capacity building and interdisciplinary research.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
The Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander community experienced high COVID-19 case rates by April 2020, in addition to chronic diseases and socioeconomic disparities, so NHPI networks were mobilized to address the crisis, and a COVID-19 Response, Recovery and Resilience team was created. The team consists of multiple committees that examine policy; testing, contact tracing, and isolation; communications; social supports and resources; and data and research. This article discusses the development of a cultural framework to guide culturally informed advocacy efforts to ensure an appropriate response and recovery plan for NHPI that extends beyond COVID-19 to addressing longstanding NHPI disparities.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
In June 2020, Northwest Arkansas was a COVID-19 hotspot, with serious racial and ethnic disparities. Existing community-engaged partnerships utilized their collaborative capacity to address COVID-19 disparities in the Latinx and Pacific Islander communities. Eighteen key partners held weekly meetings and regular communication and developed four strategies: (1): health education (prevention, testing, quarantine, and follow-up care) and prevention (communication re: practices to reduce risk); (2) testing; (3) a dedicated contact tracing center with bilingual workers; (4) enhanced case management and supported quarantine.