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Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Peer Review Study
This is a cross-sectional study on household food insecurity during COVID-19 using data from a nationally representative sample of United States households through the 2020 Household Pulse Survey.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Peer Review Study
Prior research has highlighted racial and ethnic disparities in H1N1 vaccination in the United States. This study adds to this literature by utilizing an intersectionality framework to examine the joint influence of race and sex on H1N1 vaccination beliefs and behaviors among non-Hispanic Black people and non-Hispanic White people.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Summary Report/Recommendations
Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of these communities (or support them), and the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
In this paper, the authors explore the relationships between structural racism and the Black-White disparity and Hispanic-White disparity in COVID-19 vaccination rates across 45 U.S. states. The authors use racially stratified vaccination data to conduct a detailed exploration of vaccination disparities within the United States for both the non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations compared to the non-Hispanic White population.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
In this paper, the authors quantify the racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality between the non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White populations at the county level by estimating age-adjusted, race-specific death rates. The authors explore the relationships between five different measures of structural racism and the magnitude of the observed racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality rates across counties. This research advances the existing literature by (1) quantifying racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality at the county level; (2) presenting age-adjusted estimates of race-specific COVID-19 death rates at the county level; and (3) exploring the potential role of a variety of measures of structural racism in explaining differences in the magnitude of the observed racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality across counties.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This article opens with an overview of health equity and social determinants of health. It then proposes a set of recommended practices in measurement of health disparities, health inequities, and social determinants of health at the national level to support the advancement of health equity, highlighting that (1) differences in health and its determinants that are associated with social position are important to assess; (2) social and structural determinants of health should be assessed, and multiple levels of measurement should be considered; (3) the rationale for methodological choices made and measures chosen should be made explicit; (4) groups to be compared should be simultaneously classified by multiple social statuses; and (5) stakeholders and their communication needs can often be considered in the selection of analytic methods.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
The authors analyzed prevalence testing data provided by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and examined this in conjunction with data on the geographic distribution of risk factors for COVID-19 severity in New York City to study if testing was administered effectively and in areas of need. The objectives of this analysis were: (1) to determine changes in the distribution of COVID-19 tests, COVID-19 positive tests, the proportion of the cumulative COVID-19 tests performed relative to the total ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) population, as well as the proportion of positive and total tests according to ZCTA over time, and (2) to determine if testing and positive testing was associated with the presence of COVID-19 risk factors according to ZCTA, and if this association changed over time.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Peer Review Study, Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis
The authors conducted a systematic review to understand disparities in H1N1 vaccine uptake by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, rural/urban residence, population density, and disability status, and factors associated with unequal uptake, as well as the benefits and harms of interventions designed to attenuate inequities in H1N1 vaccine uptake—in an effort to address potential disparities in COVID-19 vaccine access and uptake.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Data Collection Tool
The National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Reports (NHQDR) is a resource that provides reports, state snapshots, and national summaries across quality measures to provide a set of data tools to assist in focusing efforts on identifying areas where the healthcare system has distributed services inefficiently and unevenly across populations in the United States.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Summary Report/Recommendations
The report provides an overview of the context in which people receive healthcare services, including a summary of disease burden in the United States; number, distribution, and characteristics of hospitals and healthcare workers who deliver services; and distribution of healthcare expenditures.