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Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
According to recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the percentage of individuals reporting Long COVID symptoms has decreased from 19% in June 2022 to 11% in January 2023 among those who have had COVID-19. While this decline is notable, 15% of all US adults have reported experiencing Long COVID symptoms at some point, with 6% currently affected. Long COVID continues to pose challenges, including limitations in daily activities for 79% of those affected and potential long-term disabilities. Efforts to address Long COVID include research initiatives and public health actions, but its full impact and the reasons behind the decline in reported cases remain subjects of ongoing study and concern.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This article describes an approach to virtual recruitment to engage rural residents with atrial fibrillation in a clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors mainly report process outcomes related to successful recruitment and retention of trial participants, and qualitative data on participants experiences.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
Jimenez and colleagues conducted an online survey in order to examine reluctance to follow prescribed COVID-19 preventive measures, such as social distancing and hand washing. Research is needed to understand factors underlying such reluctance, with the aim of developing targeted health interventions. The authors found that associating COVID-19 with death as a key factor. Five hundred and ninety participants completed surveys in mid-March 2020, which included attitudes toward COVID-19, preventive behavioral intentions, and sociodemographic factors. Associating coronavirus with death negatively predicted intentions to perform preventive behaviors, including social distancing and hand washing. Social distancing and hand washing were used as outcome measures in separate multivariate models. Further, associating COVID-19 with death was not evenly distributed throughout the sample and was related with a number of sociodemographic factors including age, race, and availability of sick leave.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
A retrospective registry-based chart review examined the various demographic and clinical risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity among patients aged 18-29. The study was done within a metropolitan health care system in Houston, TX. In the cohort of 1,853 young adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection at a hospital encounter, including 226 pregnant women, 1,438 (78%) scored 0 on the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and 833 (45%) were obese (≥30 kg/m2). Within 30 days of their diagnostic encounter, 316 (17%) patients were diagnosed with pneumonia, 148 (8%) received other severe disease diagnoses, and 268 (14%) returned to the hospital after being discharged home. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, increasing age, male gender, Hispanic ethnicity, obesity, asthma history, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes were predictive of severe disease diagnoses within 30 days. Non-Hispanic Black race, obesity, asthma history, myocardial infarction history, and household exposure were predictive of 30-day readmission.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
Czeisler and colleagues investigated the prevalence of mental health symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in late June 2020. To assess mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation during the pandemic, representative panel surveys were conducted among adults aged ≥18 years across the United States during June 24-30, 2020. Just over 40% of respondents reported at least one adverse mental or behavioral health condition. The percentage of respondents who reported having seriously considered suicide in the 30 days before completing the survey (10.7%) was significantly higher among respondents aged 18-24 years (25.5%), marginalized racial/ethnic groups (Hispanic respondents [18.6%], non-Hispanic black [black] respondents [15.1%]), self-reported unpaid caregivers for adults (30.7%), and essential workers (21.7%). This research directs attention to the need for community-level intervention and prevention efforts, including health communication strategies.
Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
Latkin and colleagues conducted a nationally representative survey in May 2020 to examine opinions regarding vaccine hesitancy. The key outcome measure asked: if and when available, would you plan on getting the vaccine. A key set of covariate measures focused on COVID-19 prevention behaviors such as staying away from large groups, wearing a mask when leaving home, and washing hands more frequently. Additional covariates included knowing a close relative or friend who has contracted COVID-19 and how worried are you that you or someone in your family will get infected with COVID-19. Compared to White participants, Black and Hispanic respondents were significantly more likely to report that they did not intend to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, compared to those who reported positive vaccine intentions, respondents with negative vaccine intentions were significantly less likely to report that they engaged in the COVID-19 prevention behaviors of wearing masks and social distancing.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
Filipinx/a/o Americans (FilAMS), are the third-largest Asian American group in the US. They are frequently invisible in health services research and policy, and consequently, are an afterthought in resource allocation decisions. This paper highlights historical and modern practices that impinge on FilAm health. FilAms, who experience long standing health disparities, are heavily engaged in front line health care work, but also have pre-existing health conditions and are likely to live in multigenerational household, both factors that contribute to the burden of COVID-19. Mental health concerns, elevated among front-line and essential workers during the pandemic, were compounded by anti-Asian racism and violence. The authors encourage strategies such as naming neocolonial forces that devalue and neglect FilAms, and making changes to the data collection infrastructure to facilitate the allocation of appropriate resources. Recommendations: investments that prioritize community needs, equitable resource sharing, community-led efforts, and empower communities through capacity building and interdisciplinary research.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
The UN warned that the pandemic would disproportionately impact Indigenous people because of underlying health inequities associated with SDOH. This paper can help with “visioning” action for response and recovery. It highlights data, in Hawaii, and 4 other western States, showing that MHPI have high rates of COVID-19. Reliable and timely data are vital (longstanding issues). The higher risk of infection among NHPI is linked to preexisting health inequities. Chronic medical conditions, linked to the SDOH, are high. The paper highlights the economic conditions of the NHPI population, and emerging behavioral health impact of COVID-19. It also mentions the resilience and cultural assets of NHPI Communities, including the values and practices of aloha (compassion), malama (caring) and lokahi (unity). Recommendations: an emergency response plan developed through engagement with NNHPI stakeholders, and a longer term recovery plan to address employment, education, the racial wealth gap, food insecurity, housing, healthcare, criminal justice, and legal issues.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
Survey on the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women that can be adapted to assessing the experiences of this population in future crises. This article discusses the findings of a survey distributed to 1,439 Dutch women who were pregnant between April 4-May 10, 2020. The survey included multiple scales, such as the COVID-19 and Perinatal Experiences scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Edinburgh Depression Scale, and compared results with a similar survey completed in 2018. The survey included 8 key domain areas, including topics like financial stress, social support, partner support, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms, to name a few. Women reported higher worries related to COVID-19 in general, and also reported higher work/financial related worries. Depression and anxiety also increased, with anxiety rates increasing two-fold.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
The resource presents 7 recommendations to mitigate COVID-19 health disparities among African Americans in the areas of data collection, COVID-19 exposure and testing, health systems collaboration, human capital repurposing, and resource allocation. The authors based the recommendations on the existing public health literature and and on an analysis of relevant bioethical principles. The authors also provide information on the efforts of Chicago, Illinois’ mayoral Racial Equity Rapid Response Team to reduce these disparities in a major urban US setting.