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Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis
This review offers to provide context for the indirect health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic thus far, including its impact on health service delivery and utilization. Results found an overall decrease in utilization of health services for non-COVID-19 related care, which could lead to an increase in chronic diseases in the future as patients are not receiving timely checkups.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis
In an effort to help build the evidence base around social determinants of health (SDOH), the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) engaged RAND in a project to evaluate the current evidence from programs and policies targeting SDOH and identify research questions, data sources, and data gaps. RAND used a multi-methods approach that included an environmental scan of the published and gray literature of SDOH interventions; key informant interviews with subject matter experts; and a convening of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services agencies and operating divisions to review the results of the environmental scan and offer insights on findings.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis
This systematic review examines COVID-19 literature on infections, hospitalizations, or deaths by race and ethnicity in the United States. Results found that Black and Hispanic populations experience higher rates of COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 related mortality, but similar rates of case fatality.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Case Study
During the pandemic, the Minnesota Department of Health created three new teams focused on an equitable COVID-19 response. These teams included the Cultural, Faith, and Disability Communities Branch; the Tribal COVID-19 Healthcare Team; and the Vaccine Equity Branch. These teams created partnerships with community partners, elevated community voices, set equity goals and metrics, and respected tribal sovereignty in their COVID-19 response. This helped to ensure resources were used equitably and that COVID-19 responses were effective within diverse communities.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Case Study, Summary Report/Recommendations
This case study describes how the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services implemented a multipronged strategy to prioritize vaccinations on Black and Hispanic North Carolina residents following the disproportionate impact of COVID-19. This intervention included increasing vaccine allocation to these communities, facilitating community partnerships, and mapping these communities with the proportion of persons aged ≥65 years. They also addressed other barriers. During this implementation, vaccination rates doubled among Black residents, and the share of vaccine doses doubled.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
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Case Study
This case study describes how the Student Response Team (SRT) at the University of Nebraska Medical Center assisted the local health departments in mitigation and response activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The SRT was a voluntary student-led effort that assisted in health contact tracing, monitoring social media, and education the public. Their experience demonstrates how students can increase the public health surge capacity of local health departments while gaining applied experience during public health emergencies. The recommendations include forming, training, and deploying SRTs throughout academic institutions to implement during and beyond the current pandemic.
Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
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Case Study
This case study describes how the Virginia Equity Leadership Task Force (ELT) uses data to drive allocation of resources. ELT used a data-driven approach to learn where they should allocate resources to make a maximum impact, with a specific focus on marginalized and underserved populations who are at greatest risk of severe disease from COVID-19. They profiled neighborhoods by equity factors including income, race and ethnicity, comorbidities, crowded housing, and preferred language, and then distributed personal protective equipment with priority given to more vulnerable populations. They used similar analyses of social determinants of health; up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination status; and data on cases, hospitalizations, and deaths to determine where to place vaccine centers and hold mass vaccination events.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis
This article explores how health data technology tools such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) tools can be implemented and adapted to assist in better responses and outcomes to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as future epidemics. This literature review focuses on peer-reviewed articles concerning four themes: COVID-19 and the need for AI; utility of AI in COVID-19 screening, contract tracing, and diagnosis; use of AI in COVID-19 patient monitoring and drug development; AI beyond COVID-19 and opportunities for Low-Middle Income Communities (LMIC). This review contains examples of ways healthcare systems have implemented AI and ML to predict and treat outcomes of COVID-19, as well as potential capacities for AI.