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Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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White Paper/Brief
This brief lists interventions to support state public health efforts to address rural disparities and racial discrimination. It emphasizes the importance of localized data on social determinants of health and improving systemic and structural underpinnings of racial disparities. Suggested interventions address data collection and workforce issues, including representativeness and paid family leave.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Peer Review Study
This article describes an approach to virtual recruitment to engage rural residents with atrial fibrillation in a clinical trial during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors mainly report process outcomes related to successful recruitment and retention of trial participants, and qualitative data on participants experiences.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Peer Review Study
This study looks at the perceptions, challenges, barriers, and experiences of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. The study used a snowball sampling of 20 undocumented Asian and Latinx men and women and asked them a series of questions about access to health care and their experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results found significant barriers in language comprehension, mistrust of public systems, and socioeconomic factors such as employers with little to no sick leave for those affected by COVID-19.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Peer Review Study
Rapid data collection grounded in a community power-building approach produced data that directly informed state policy and an increased power base. This approach enables direct connection to immediate “downstream” needs in communities while simultaneously building collective systemic “upstream” analysis and capacity of community members and laying pathways to translation and implementation of research into policy.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Peer Review Study
This study looked at variations in COVID-19 diagnoses by ZIP code, race, and ethnicity in Indiana. The study examines patient information from the Indiana University Health system and geolocates the patient’s ZIP codes to calculate the number of COVID-19 cases per 10,000 persons for each ZIP code. The results showed that ZIP codes with higher percentages of African Americans, Hispanics, foreign-born persons, and residents living in poverty are disproportionately affected by COVID-19.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Peer Review Study
This article conducted a cross-sectional study of 351 Massachusetts cities and towns from January 1-May 6, 2020, to understand what demographic, economic, and occupational factors are affecting COVID-19 incidence rates. Results found that non-Latino Black and Latino populations are at most risk of contracting COVID-19. Addressing factors like healthcare access for foreign-born non-citizens, crowded housing, and the protection of food service workers may help mitigate spread among minority populations.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
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Toolkit
This blueprint presents recommendations for Illinois to reduce health disparities in rural areas. Recommendations include (1) investing in programs to recruit and retain rural health care workers; (2) improving rural data systems; (3) integrating health care and social services in rural areas; (4) increasing communication between rural health organizations and public health departments; and (5) creating a rural innovation center to coordinate data, policies, and strategies across state agencies.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Peer Review Study
This study examines the challenges of using community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 brings unique challenges to this approach due to social distancing and the closure of key community organizations. They identify three key challenges: flexibility to pivot when needed, inequity in research participation, and the well-being of the research team. The study focuses on impacts for immigrant and communities of color and examines intersectionality’s with age and gender.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Data Collection Tool
The Mapping Medicare Disparities (MMD) Population View provides a user-friendly way to explore and better understand disparities in chronic diseases, and allows users to: (1) visualize health outcome measures at a national, state, or county level; (2) explore health outcome measures by age, sex, race and ethnicity; (3) compare differences between two geographic locations (e.g., benchmark against the national average); and (4) compare differences between two racial and ethnic groups within the same geographic area.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Summary Report/Recommendations
The article highlights the need for routine collection, in public health data, of disaggregated information on race, ethnicity, and immigration status, which is not currently available in most countries. Studies from the United States and the United Kingdom have revealed major health inequities among members of racial and ethnic minorities, but little is known about the impact of immigration status on COVID-19 outcomes. These data gaps are a major impediment to designing effective tailored interventions for these populations. Collection and dissemination of COVID-19 data by country of birth or self-reported race/ethnicity (for second- or several-generational minorities) will help determine the relative contribution of each of the driving factors for the observed health disparities.