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Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
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Evaluation Report
This study of a community-based and bilingual nutrition and health program called the Eat Healthy Program in New York City presents findings to understand potential behavior changes among participants and how the program is integrated into a larger neighborhood health strategy in Harlem. The Eat Healthy Program educated participants on healthy nutrition and living, gave out farmers’ market coupons. Focus groups showed that participants adopted new healthy behaviors as a result, although some barriers to healthy living persisted. The findings suggested that this type of health promotion program as a part of a neighborhood health strategy may be an effective model for impacting health behavior and the utilization of local farmers’ markets in low income neighborhoods of color.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Peer Review Study
The article presents strategies of how Durham County Department of Public Health operationalized equity into multiple phases of its COVID-19 response through infrastructure changes and how to apply these methods to future public health emergencies to better serve vulnerable populations. This response relied upon robust data collection of demographic data to identify inequities. Infrastructure changes included standing up multiple COVID-19 Task Forces (Homeless, Community, Food Security, African American) and Strike Teams (Long-Term Care Facility, Clusters) targeting vulnerable populations; placing testing sites in targeted locations; collaborating with multisector and community partners for feedback; and providing Health Ambassadors for in-person dissemination of COVID-19 information. The paper reviews results from these interventions and lessons learned.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
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Case Study
This case study describes a secondary purpose of Chicago’s Racial Equity Rapid Response Team, which is to improve health outcomes among communities that have been most heavily impacted. The work has included campaigns, town halls, prevention programs, city testing sites, and securing grant funding.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Peer Review Study
Using patient record data from the New York University Langone Health System, this study examines outcomes from individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 in New York City from March 1 through April 8, 2020, to examine differences in outcomes based on age, sex, body mass index, comorbidity, insurance type, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. The results indicated that while Black and Hispanic communities were experiencing larger mortality rates in the general population, the study did not find that Black and Hispanic individuals are experiencing worse COVID-19 outcomes, including mortality when hospitalized, as compared to hospitalized patients who are white. This study supports the idea that existing social determinants of health, such as access to housing, access to health care, differential employment outcomes, and poverty can impact mortality rates for Black and Hispanic communities.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Peer Review Study
The article highlights quantitative bias analysis as a method for improving racial and ethnic COVID-19 disparity estimates when data are missing.