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Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
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Peer Review Study
This study compares the effectiveness of 3 interventions implemented in a correctional facility to determine best practices for limiting the spread of COVID-19 to a vulnerable population. The 3 interventions include depopulation, increased single celling, and widespread testing of asymptomatic incarcerated individuals. Results were compared against a computer model designed to predict cases based on CDC guidelines only. Results indicated a possible 83% reduction in predicted symptomatic cases, hospitalizations, and deaths.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Summary Report/Recommendations
The onset of the pandemic created the need for multiple adaptations to the criminal justice system, including how to provide treatment for substance use disorder while in quarantine, how to continue opioid treatment for early release of individuals to the community, and how to limit the spread of COVID-19 in carceral facilities. Activities outlined in this general article include implementation of telehealth, restructuring group activities to limit exposure, medical quarantine, and connecting released individuals to community resources.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Summary Report/Recommendations
This article describes the benefits and foundation of telemental health, and describes how it can be scaled in correctional facilities to benefit incarcerated individuals and their families. The article describes some of the factors influencing families and the incarcerated individual, and emphasizes how additional mental health support could potentially reduce negative impacts seen during COVID-19 such as increased isolation, stress, anxiety, and depression.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This article highlights the interventions taken by the Cook County Jail to reduce COVID-19 transmission. They used a combination of masking, testing, screening of staff, medical isolation in single-occupancy cells, social distancing, and enhanced cleaning procedures. Cases declined in the facility following these interventions, even as cases increased in the broader Chicago area.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Evaluation Report
This evaluation report described the Pima County Housing First Initiative pilot phase, which provided permanent supportive housing and case management to justice-involved individuals experiencing homelessness in Pima County, Arizona. Justice-related service utilization and health care costs declined for program participants enrolled in the program for 12 months or more, offsetting the program costs. However, additional analysis is needed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between program enrollment and reduction in service utilization.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This article reviews systemic factors affecting low income immigrant communities during COVID-19 and provides recommendations strategies to improve public health infrastructure using the Public Health 3.0 concept. This high-risk community represented a large portion of essential workers, who even before the pandemic faced less access to health care and were structurally marginalized. The authors discuss equity strategies including prioritizing COVID-19 public relief funds and allocating testing and vaccines to these communities. The paper also reviews how to improve public health infrastructure to mitigate disparities immigrant communities face by addressing social determinants of health, communicating about and structuring policies and programs that do not require identification, engaging cross-sector stakeholders, and developing tools to collect relevant, appropriate data.
Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
RELEASE DATE:
Summary Report/Recommendations
This framework focuses on strategies and action steps recommended for health departments to enhance access to testing, quality care, and prevention methods in correctional/incarceration facilities. This resource opines that health departments, which often provide health care in carceral settings or contract private organizations to provide health care, should strengthen health care services for incarcerated people. All people, regardless of whether they are incarcerated, should have immediate access to testing, care, and the ability to protect themselves from disease.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Peer Review Study, Systematic Review/Meta-Analysis
The authors conducted a systematic review to understand disparities in H1N1 vaccine uptake by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, rural/urban residence, population density, and disability status, and factors associated with unequal uptake, as well as the benefits and harms of interventions designed to attenuate inequities in H1N1 vaccine uptake—in an effort to address potential disparities in COVID-19 vaccine access and uptake.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Summary Report/Recommendations
The article highlights the need for routine collection, in public health data, of disaggregated information on race, ethnicity, and immigration status, which is not currently available in most countries. Studies from the United States and the United Kingdom have revealed major health inequities among members of racial and ethnic minorities, but little is known about the impact of immigration status on COVID-19 outcomes. These data gaps are a major impediment to designing effective tailored interventions for these populations. Collection and dissemination of COVID-19 data by country of birth or self-reported race/ethnicity (for second- or several-generational minorities) will help determine the relative contribution of each of the driving factors for the observed health disparities.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study examines the impact that COVID-19 has on incarcerated populations by analyzing systematic data on testing, test positivity, cases, and case fatality. Using data from the COVID Prison Project, the study presents data from 53 prison systems and compares these data with each state’s general population. Many states were not reporting full information on COVID-19 testing with some also not reporting on case fatality. Among those reporting data, there was wide variation between testing, test positivity, and case rates within prison systems and as compared to the general population. However, when more tests were deployed, more cases were identified, with the majority of state prisons having higher case rates than their general population.