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Best Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes when implemented in multiple real-life settings, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities.
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Case Study
This case study describes how the Virginia Equity Leadership Task Force (ELT) uses data to drive allocation of resources. ELT used a data-driven approach to learn where they should allocate resources to make a maximum impact, with a specific focus on marginalized and underserved populations who are at greatest risk of severe disease from COVID-19. They profiled neighborhoods by equity factors including income, race and ethnicity, comorbidities, crowded housing, and preferred language, and then distributed personal protective equipment with priority given to more vulnerable populations. They used similar analyses of social determinants of health; up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination status; and data on cases, hospitalizations, and deaths to determine where to place vaccine centers and hold mass vaccination events.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
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White Paper/Brief
This brief outlines The Public Health Alliance of Southern California’s priority areas for elevating public health & equity in the COVID-19 response. This includes outlining what is needed in infrastructure, health and safety, economic security, food security, housing stability, and data.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Summary Report/Recommendations
This brief outlines case studies, resources, and recommendations that counties and cities can take to explicitly and intentionally embed equity staff and practices into their emergency operations structures within the public health emergency response and recovery process. To implement this strategy, health departments should build robust community partnerships before a crisis occurs. They should collaborate with community based organizations, non-profits, and leaders to ensure that interventions are responsive to community needs. Before an emergency, health departments should create a coalition of community partners, and establish a Community Organization Active in Disaster group and agree upon decision-making structures, values, and resources. Health departments should compensate partners for their time. Finally, they should provide opportunity for feedback by creating a Community Advisory Group.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Peer Review Study
Using public information, the researchers in this study constructed and analyzed a database of incarceration episodes in the city jail system, focusing on what happened March 23-29, 2020, immediately following the mayor’s order to release individuals incarcerated in New York City jails who were at high risk of contracting the disease and at low risk of committing criminal re-offense. They found that being discharged during the focus week was associated with a lower probability of readmission as compared to being discharged during the same calendar week in previous years. Furthermore, comparing the individuals discharged during the focus week of 2020 to those discharged during the same calendar week in previous years, they found that the former group was, on average, slightly older than the latter group, although the difference was not large. Additionally, the individuals in the former group had spent substantially longer in jail than those in the latter group.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Peer Review Study
This study examines the impact that COVID-19 has on incarcerated populations by analyzing systematic data on testing, test positivity, cases, and case fatality. Using data from the COVID Prison Project, the study presents data from 53 prison systems and compares these data with each state’s general population. Many states were not reporting full information on COVID-19 testing with some also not reporting on case fatality. Among those reporting data, there was wide variation between testing, test positivity, and case rates within prison systems and as compared to the general population. However, when more tests were deployed, more cases were identified, with the majority of state prisons having higher case rates than their general population.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Peer Review Study
The authors investigated data sources to determine whether short-term jailing of individuals prior to release may drive COVID-19 spread.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Summary Report/Recommendations
This article discusses the Medical Adaptations series and reveals several lessons. It offers recommendations on providing and utilizing information technology for online learning to mitigate some inequities borne by socioeconomic and generational differences, English as a second-language learners, and those with disabilities who do not have access to adaptive technology.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Peer Review Study
Using jail population data, county-level aggregate data, and policy intervention data, this study examines the association of jail decarceration and anticontagion policies with COVID-19 rates. This study adds a unique contribution to the discussion of incarceration and disease spreading, as it is the first to examine the effects of decarceration on population-level community health outcomes. The authors compare anticontagion policies within jails throughout the United States to other community policy interventions such as stay-at-home orders, nursing home visitation bans, school closures, and mask mandates. Additionally, the study analyzes four demographic subsets including income, population density, and median proportion of populations identifying as Black. The results showed that an 80% reduction in jail incarcerations would decrease disease spreading in both the prison system and the community, and was more effective than any other community policy intervention.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Peer Review Study
The study analyzed data from different sources to estimate the racial and ethnic diversity of the current healthcare workforce and the graduate pipeline for healthcare professions, and to evaluate whether the diversity of the pipeline suggests greater representation of Black, Hispanic, and Native American populations in the future.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
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Peer Review Study
This study investigates the effects of the pandemic on software developers’ well-being and productivity and how the organizations they work for can support them to improve employee productivity. The study concluded that to improve employee productivity, software companies should focus on maximizing employee well-being and improving the ergonomics of employees’ home offices. Women, parents, and disabled individuals may require extra support.