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Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
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Case Study
This case study describes a secondary purpose of Chicago’s Racial Equity Rapid Response Team, which is to improve health outcomes among communities that have been most heavily impacted. The work has included campaigns, town halls, prevention programs, city testing sites, and securing grant funding.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Peer Review Study
This study is a nationwide analysis of county-level population demographics, COVID-19 mortality rates, and COVID-19 case rates. The study shows a positive correlation between the percentage of African-Americans living in a county and increases in mortality rates for COVID-19 positive individuals.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Peer Review Study
This study details a national, state-level analysis of COVID-19 infection and mortality disparities between ethnic and racial subgroups using data from the COVID Tracking Project. Results found significantly higher rates of COVID-19 infections among Hispanic and African American populations. A choropleth map of disparities in the United States was produced as part of the study.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
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Peer Review Study
This study adapted the Lorenz curve methodology to characterize disparate outcomes in COVID-19 testing across time, regions, and ZIP codes for the St. Louis and Kansas City regions. The results showed that Black individuals have half the rate of testing per case than White populations, even among Black and White individuals residing in the same ZIP code. The study calls for equitable testing strategies and routine monitoring using formal metrics to inform adaptive testing strategies.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Peer Review Study
This study used publicly available data on COVID-19 cases and deaths in the United States counties to conduct an analysis that described racial disparities in COVID-19 disease and death and associated determinants. The results of the study showed that counties with higher proportions of black people had higher prevalence of COVID-19 cases and deaths. This study also recommends that county level comparisons can inform COVID-19 responses and identify hot spots to show that social conditions, structural racism, and other factors increase the risk for COVID-19 diagnosis and deaths in Black communities.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Peer Review Study
The article highlights quantitative bias analysis as a method for improving racial and ethnic COVID-19 disparity estimates when data are missing.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
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Commentary
This article provides an overview of the link between racism and COVID-19 disparities, missing race and ethnicity data, and literature on demographic data gaps. The authors also provide recommendations on how health departments and healthcare systems can engage communities of color to co-develop race and ethnicity data collection processes.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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White Paper/Brief
This paper serves as a foundational look into how structural racism and social determinants of health impact communities of color — particularly Black and Latino communities — in Massachusetts. This document uses local Massachusetts and national data sources to examine multiple factors for health inequities among racial minorities within the state. The primer covers demographic profiles, social drivers of health, access to coverage and care, service utilization, health outcomes, and the disparate impact of COVID-19 with infographics across multiple areas of health.