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Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
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Peer Review Study
This study analyzed 30-day outcomes of COVID-19 patients surviving to discharge across a five-hospital health system.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
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Summary Report/Recommendations
This article documents the efforts of the Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander COVID-19 Response, Recovery, and Resilience Team, a partnership of academic, government, and community organizations. Their goal was to analyze the utilization, public reporting, and quality of race and ethnicity health data to inform policy changes and promote equity. Through this partnership, the group created solutions for issues such as aggregation of Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in health data, how data is reported through the health department, and discussions with testing labs and health institutions to create more standardized race and ethnicity data.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
Using patient record data from the New York University Langone Health System, this study examines outcomes from individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 in New York City from March 1 through April 8, 2020, to examine differences in outcomes based on age, sex, body mass index, comorbidity, insurance type, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. The results indicated that while Black and Hispanic communities were experiencing larger mortality rates in the general population, the study did not find that Black and Hispanic individuals are experiencing worse COVID-19 outcomes, including mortality when hospitalized, as compared to hospitalized patients who are white. This study supports the idea that existing social determinants of health, such as access to housing, access to health care, differential employment outcomes, and poverty can impact mortality rates for Black and Hispanic communities.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study adapted the Lorenz curve methodology to characterize disparate outcomes in COVID-19 testing across time, regions, and ZIP codes for the St. Louis and Kansas City regions. The results showed that Black individuals have half the rate of testing per case than White populations, even among Black and White individuals residing in the same ZIP code. The study calls for equitable testing strategies and routine monitoring using formal metrics to inform adaptive testing strategies.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study used publicly available data on COVID-19 cases and deaths in the United States counties to conduct an analysis that described racial disparities in COVID-19 disease and death and associated determinants. The results of the study showed that counties with higher proportions of black people had higher prevalence of COVID-19 cases and deaths. This study also recommends that county level comparisons can inform COVID-19 responses and identify hot spots to show that social conditions, structural racism, and other factors increase the risk for COVID-19 diagnosis and deaths in Black communities.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
The study analyzed data from different sources to estimate the racial and ethnic diversity of the current healthcare workforce and the graduate pipeline for healthcare professions, and to evaluate whether the diversity of the pipeline suggests greater representation of Black, Hispanic, and Native American populations in the future.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
This study analyzed various factors that triggered the health disparity in the United States, along with the rate of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, focusing on Mississippi. The analysis suggested that the COVID-19 infection rate per 100,000 people is directly correlated with increased proportions of the Black population in the United States. Data also indicate that a higher number of Black populations are facing socioeconomic disadvantages, which elevates their chances of becoming vulnerable to pre-existing ailments such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.
Promising Practices that show evidence of effectiveness in improving public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting, as indicated by achievement of aims consistent with the objectives of the activities, and are suitable for adaptation by other communities.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
The article highlights a model developed by community leaders and researchers to make national- and state-level Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs) COVID-19 data available.
Emerging Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and produce early results that are consistent with the objectives of the activities and thus indicate effectiveness.
RELEASE DATE:
Peer Review Study
The article highlights quantitative bias analysis as a method for improving racial and ethnic COVID-19 disparity estimates when data are missing.
Novel Practices that show potential to achieve desirable public health outcomes in a specific real-life setting and are in the process of generating evidence of effectiveness or may not yet be tested.
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Commentary
This article provides an overview of the link between racism and COVID-19 disparities, missing race and ethnicity data, and literature on demographic data gaps. The authors also provide recommendations on how health departments and healthcare systems can engage communities of color to co-develop race and ethnicity data collection processes.